Complete measurement index
Units as evidence.
Every standard in the converter has a name, a context, a representative value, and a page for the working definition. Detailed dossiers will grow from this verified matrix.
How to use this index
Choose the standard before the number.
Ancient measures were regional, chronological, material, and administrative systems. Read the context attached to each unit before treating a conversion as historically portable.
01ModernInternational · SI modern standardmetreExact SI unitRepresentative1.0 mBasisdefined; defined confidence02ModernInternational · SI modern standardcentimetreOne hundredth of a metreRepresentative0.01 mBasisdefined; defined confidence03ModernInternational · SI modern standardmillimetreOne thousandth of a metreRepresentative0.001 mBasisdefined; defined confidence04ImperialInternational · International yard agreementinchExact international inchRepresentative0.0254 mBasisdefined; defined confidence05ImperialInternational · International yard agreementinternational footExact international footRepresentative0.3048 mBasisdefined; defined confidence06ImperialInternational · International yard agreementyardExact international yardRepresentative0.9144 mBasisdefined; defined confidence07ImperialInternational · International yard agreementmileExact international mileRepresentative1609.344 mBasisdefined; defined confidence08EgyptianGiza Egypt · Fourth Dynasty around 2570 BCEEgyptian royal cubit (Giza)Representative 20.62 inch value inferred from monument dimensionsRepresentative0.523748 mBasissurvey inferred; high confidence09EgyptianEgypt · New Kingdom around 1550 to 1070 BCEEgyptian royal cubit (New Kingdom rod)Surviving seven-palm wooden rod measured at 52.50 cmRepresentative0.525 mBasisartefact measured; high confidence10EgyptianEgypt · Middle to Late Period representativeEgyptian short cubitRepresentative six-palm cubit derived from the seven-palm Giza standardRepresentative0.448927 mBasisderived from royal; medium confidence11EgyptianGiza Egypt · Fourth Dynasty around 2570 BCEEgyptian palmOne seventh of the selected Giza royal cubitRepresentative0.0748211 mBasisderived from royal; high confidence12EgyptianGiza Egypt · Fourth Dynasty around 2570 BCEEgyptian digitOne twenty-eighth of the selected Giza royal cubitRepresentative0.0187053 mBasisderived from royal; high confidence13EgyptianEgypt · Middle to Late Period representativeEgyptian khetOne hundred royal cubits using the selected Giza standardRepresentative52.3748 mBasisderived from royal; medium confidence14RomanRoman Empire · Late Republic to Imperial representativeRoman pesRepresentative value; surviving standards and buildings varyRepresentative0.296 mBasisartefact and architecture; high confidence15RomanRoman Empire · Late Republic to Imperial representativeRoman digitOne sixteenth of the representative pesRepresentative0.0185 mBasisderived from pes; high confidence16RomanRoman Empire · Late Republic to Imperial representativeRoman unciaOne twelfth of the representative pesRepresentative0.0246667 mBasisderived from pes; high confidence17RomanRoman Empire · Late Republic to Imperial representativeRoman palmusFour Roman digitsRepresentative0.074 mBasisderived from pes; high confidence18RomanRoman Empire · Late Republic to Imperial representativeRoman cubitusOne and one-half Roman feetRepresentative0.444 mBasisderived from pes; medium confidence19RomanRoman Empire · Late Republic to Imperial representativeRoman passusFive Roman feet; a double paceRepresentative1.48 mBasisderived from pes; high confidence20RomanRoman Empire · Late Republic to Imperial representativeRoman mileOne thousand passusRepresentative1480.0 mBasisderived from pes; high confidence21GreekAttica · Classical to Hellenistic representativeAttic pousHistorical reconstructions differ by monument and methodRepresentative0.2957 mBasisarchitecture inferred; medium confidence22GreekAttica · Classical to Hellenistic representativeAttic stadionSix hundred selected Attic feet; itinerary evidence clusters near 177 mRepresentative177.42 mBasisderived from pous; medium confidence23GreekOlympia · Archaic to Roman-era Olympia representativeOlympic pousValue inferred from the excavated stadiumRepresentative0.3205 mBasisstadium survey; medium confidence24GreekOlympia · Archaic to Roman-era Olympia representativeOlympic stadionSix hundred selected Olympic feetRepresentative192.3 mBasisderived from pous; medium confidence25GreekAegina · Archaic to Classical representativeAeginetan pousValue inferred from temple measurementsRepresentative0.333 mBasistemple architecture; medium confidence26GreekAegina · Archaic to Classical representativeAeginetan stadionSix hundred selected Aeginetan feetRepresentative199.8 mBasisderived from pous; medium confidence27GreekPergamon · Hellenistic representativePhiletaeric pousAssociated with Pergamon; reconstructions varyRepresentative0.33 mBasisarchitecture inferred; medium confidence28MesopotamianNippur · Early Dynastic to Ur III representativeNippur cubitRepresentative reconstruction associated with the Nippur measureRepresentative0.5185 mBasisartefact measured; medium confidence29MesopotamianSouthern Mesopotamia · Old Babylonian representativeMesopotamian digitOne thirtieth of the selected Nippur cubitRepresentative0.0172833 mBasisderived from cubit; medium confidence30MesopotamianSouthern Mesopotamia · Early Dynastic to Old Babylonian representativeMesopotamian nindanSix selected Nippur cubitsRepresentative3.111 mBasisderived from cubit; medium confidence31KhmerAngkor Cambodia · Reign of Suryavarman II in the early 12th century CEKhmer hat (Angkor Wat reconstruction)Mannikka trial-derived value from architectural axes; no single inscriptionally fixed Angkor standard is establishedRepresentative0.43545 mBasisarchitecture inferred; low confidence32DruidBritain and Brittany · Neolithic and Early Bronze Age hypothesisMegalithic yard (Thom hypothesis)Proposed quantum from monument surveys; existence as a shared prehistoric standard remains disputedRepresentative0.829 mBasisstatistical hypothesis; low confidence